Emotionally,
man surpasses his animal ancestors in his capacity to appreciate the Humor, the
Art
and the Religion. Socially, the man
exhibits his superiority since he is purely Manufacturer of
Tools,
Communicator and Creator
of Institutions.
When the human beings conserve their social groups for enough time, this groups always become new activity tendencies that culminate in the “Institutionalization”. Most of the Institutions created by the man have turned out to be minimizers of heavy the work, and at the same time, they contribute to improve the security of the group. The civilized man is revalued considerably by the character, the stability and continuity of his established institutions; but all the human institutions are not but the accumulated customs of the past, as long as they have been conserved by taboos and dignified by the religion. Such legacies end up being traditions, and the traditions in the long run become “Conventions”.
All
the human “Institutions” assist to some
social necessity, and in spite of its excessive development, as much in the
past as in the present, certainly it diminished merit to the “individual”
since it eclipses to the personality and impaired the initiative. The man
should be in control of his institutions instead of allowing to be dominated
by these creations from the civilization in advance.
The Human Institutions are of three general classes:
These
three groups of social practical are intimately interrelated and they are
minutely interdependent to each other. Here in URANTIA[The Earth], they
represent a complex organization that works as one only and great social
mechanism.
The
“Primitive Industry” was developed
slowly as insurance against the panic of the hunger. At the beginning of
their existence, man was learning from some animals how to store food during
an abundant crop, for the days of shortage.
Before the dawn of the growing moderation and the primitive industry, the luck of the common tribe was of misery and of serious suffering because the primitive man had to compete with the whole animal Kingdom for his foods. The graveness of the “competition” always forces the man to be lowered at the level of the inhumane. The “poverty” is a natural and tyrannical state; while the “wealth” is “not” a natural gift of the man, because it resuls from the work, the science and the organization of the group. The primitive man didn't delay in recognizing the advantages of the “Association”. The Association led to the Organization, and the first result of the organization was the “distribution of the work” with its subsequent saving of time and materials. These specializations of the work arose from the adaptation to the pressures of the moment -following the ways of smaller resistance. The primitive savages never liked to carry out the works. Their conformity was due to the imposition of the necessity. The primitive man had dislike to the arduous work, and he didn't adapt soon unless it was confronted himself with some serious danger. The “temporary” element of the work, the concept of carrying out a given task inside certain limit of time, is already a notion of the modern times because the old men were never in a hurry. The primitive races that were “inactive” by nature were impelled to the way of the Industry, for the double demand: The intense fight to exist and the levels of life in constant advance. The work, the efforts of the projects distinguishes the man from the beasts, although their efforts are, in their majority, “instinctive”. The necessity of the work is the man's supreme blessing. The Planetary Prince's retinue [the 100 members], for then worked; they worked a lot to ennoble the physical work here in URANTIA. ADAM was market-gardening; this way the God of Hebrews was Worker -was the Creator and Supporting of Everything. Hebrew was the first tribe in giving bigger importance to the “Industry”. It was the first town in decreeing that: “The one that doesn't work won't eat”. But many of the religions of the world reverted the previous ideal for the “idleness”; this way, Jupiter was a binger and Buda ended up being a reflexive one devoted of the leisure. The SANGIK tribes [the ancestors of the six races of color of URANTIA, and more intelligent than their primitive fellow men] were relatively industrial, when they resided outside of the tropical regions. However, there was always a lingering fight among the “lazy” ones devoted of the magic and the apostles of the “work”, those that exercised the “foresee”. The first human's foresee was directed toward the conservation of the “fire”, the “water” and the “food”. But the primitive man was an astute natural; again and again, he managed to get something in exchange for nothing; and very often during these primitive times, it was attributed to their accumulated achievements, the product of the practice the “patience” and of the “amulets”. For it the magic took a lot in giving in before the Foresee, the Self-Denial and the Industry.
At
the beginning, the natural circumstances and then the social ones determined
the divisions of the work in the primitive society. The original orders of
the specialization of the work were:
The
first specialists in the industry were the makers of Flints and the Masonry;
to these two, were followed by the Blacksmiths. Later on the specialization
in groups was developed; then, families and whole clans were devoted to
certain work types. The origin of one of the first “priestly castes”, very
apart from the tribal quack doctors, it was due to the excessive
superstitious exaltation from a family of experts manufacturers of swords.
Among the first groups of specialists in the industry were also the exporters of the “salt gem” and the “potters”. The women worked the simple “pottery” and the men decorated it. The women worked in some tribes the “weave” and the “seam”, and among other tribes the men carried out these works. The first “exchange brokers” were the women; they were used like spies, making the exchange like secondary company. Then they expanded the swap. The women made of intermediary –stockbrokers. Then arose the “merchant” class that charged a commission or earnings in exchange for its services. The growing exchange in group evolved in the “trade”. After the interchange of basic products, the interchange of specialized labour was born.
Just
as the marriage for “contract” continued the marriage for “capture”;
likewise, the trade for “exchange” continued to the taking of possession by
the “force”. But it intervened a lingering period of “piracy”, and this
happened between the first exercises of the mute exchange and the later
trade for modern methods of exchange.
At
the beginning, the exchange was made by armed
exchange-broker that left their merchandises in a neuter place. The women
carried out the first market actions. They were the first “exchange
broker”,
which it was due to that they were the carrier of the loads since the men
were the warriors. In short time the table of exchanges was developed; a
wall quite wide to prevent the merchants to be reached with weapons.
It
was also used talismans to mount guard on the deposits of the merchandises
for the mute exchange. These squares were safe against the theft; they didn't
retire anything unless it was by means of the exchange or purchase; and with
guard's fetish the merchandises were always safe. These merchants were conscientiously
honest inside their tribe, but they considered that it was correct to deceive
the strangers that came from outside. Primitive Hebrews even had another
ethics code to treat the heathens.
The
“mute exchange” continued during
a lot of time, until before the men began to be disarmed inside the sacred
square of the market. These same squares became the first
places for the “sanctuaries”, and in some
countries they ended up being known as “refuge cities”. All fugitive that
arrived at the square of the market was safe and sound of the attack.
The
first way to measure weights was with wheat grains and other cereals. The
first means of exchange was the fish or the goat. Then the cow ended up being
an exchange unity.
The
“Modern Writing” originated among
the first registrations of the trade; the man's first literature was a
document of commercial promotion, a publicity of the “salt”. Great part of
the wars by then took place after natural deposits, such as of flint, salt
and metals. The first formal “tribal treaty”, agreed the tribe-inter-change
of a deposit of salt. These places agreed by the treaties offered the
opportunity to interchange ideas and to alternate, with several tribes, in a
friendly and peaceful mark.
The
Writing progressed through the stages of the
stick messenger, the knotted cords, the pictographic, the hieroglyphics and
the belts of shell bills, until the first symbolic alphabets. The shipment of
messages evolved from the primitive signs of smoke until the pedestrian mail,
to the back of a beast, railroads, airplanes, also the telegraph, the
telephone and all wireless communication.
The
old Merchants transported new
ideas and better methods all over the world inhabited. The Trade that was linked
with the adventure was in the exploration and the discovery and all the
above-mentioned gave born to the Transport. The Trade has
been the great civilizer through the promotion of the intercultural
fertilization.
The
“Capital” is the applied
work in a way of renunciation of the present in favor of the future. The “Savings” represent an
insurance form for the conservation and the survival. The “Hoard” of the
foods developed the self-dominion, then the monopoly; and this
generated the first serious problems of the Capital and the Work. At the
time, the man that had reserved food, as long as he could preserve it from
the thieves, had a frank advantage over the man that didn't have it.
The
“primitive banker” was the most
valuable in the tribe. The collective treasures were consigned to him, so the
whole clan defended his shack in the event of assault. This way the
accumulation of the “individual's capital” and the “collective wealth” didn't
take long in becoming a military organization; and at the beginning, these
cautions were created to defend the property against the foreing invaders;
but, later on, it became a habit to maintain these military organizations,
exercising and undertaking invasions of the property and the wealth of other
neighboring tribes.
The
basic impulses that exceeded in
the accumulation of the "Capital" were:
As
the civilization developed, the man was acquiring new incentives to save; and soon new
foods were added to the necessities of the “natural hunger”. The poverty was hate it so
much that it was believed that only to the rich ones corresponded
to win the sky when dying. It was a believe that who gave an ostentatious
banquet could erase dishonors of its name.
The accumulation of the wealth didn't delay in becoming the symbol of the “social distinction”. The individuals of certain tribes accumulated properties during many years only to cause impression, burning them in some holiday or distributing them gratuitously among their partners of the tribe. This converted them into great men. Even in today's modern towns, they delight in the prodigal distribution of the gifts of Christmas; while the rich endow to the big institutions of charity and culture. This way, the man's techniques developed a lot, but their innate qualities remain without evolving. Also many old rich distributed great part of their fortune because they feared that those that coveted their treasures gave them death. Even some rich ones used to sacrifice twentieth of slaves to demonstrate the contempt of their wealth. Although the “Capital” has been good to alleviate the man's material life, on the other hand, it has complicated in great degree his social and industrial organization. But, the wrong use of the capital by unjust capitalists doesn't invalidate the fact that this is the foundation of the modern industrial society. through the Capital and the Invention, today's generation enjoys a better degree of material freedom that never before has preceded in the earth. This is put in the registry like a fact, but it doesn't justify the multiple grafts of the capital for senseless and selfish custodians.
The
Primitive Society, with is four divisions: Industrial, Regulatory, Religious and Military; it arose from the
instrumentality of the fire, the animals, the
slaves
and the property.
To light the “fire” voluntarily separated the man of the animal of a single jump forever. This constitutes the great invention or fundamental human discovery. The “fire” allowed the man to remain on the ground during the night, instead of the trees, since all the animals fear it, the man felt safe with the fire. The “fire” fomented the social treatment at dusk; and not only had it preserved of the cold and the ferocious beasts, but it also served as protection against the spectra. At the beginning it was used more to light that to heat; many retarded tribes refused to sleep on the ground unless a flame burns for the whole night. The Fire was a great civilizer, endowing the man with the first mean why he could be altruistic without losing anything, because it allowed him to give hot coal to a neighbor without being deprived of it. From then on, the “fire” of the blaze was assisted by the mother or for the first-born female; the Fire was the first educator, because it urged to the Vigilance and the Constancy. The primitive Home was not any building, but rather the family met around the Blaze [Home] and this was the family blaze. And when a son founded a new home, a firebrand of the blaze of the family was taken. Although ANDON, the discoverer of the fire, didn't want to treat it like object of adoration, his descendants considered the fire flame like a fetish or spirit. But they were not able to take advantage of the sanitary benefits of the fire, when they did not learn to burn the waste. The primitive man feared to the fire and it always tried to maintain it to good disposition, from here the spread of the incense. Under no circumstance they spit in the fire, or they passed between a person and a burning fire. The first members of the mankind even assumed for sacred to the iron pyres and the stones that were used to light the fire.
Until
it was considered a serious lack to extinguish the flame; and if a shack
caught fire, it was allowed to burn. The fires of the temples and chapels
were sacred and it was never allowed that they went out, with the exception
that they accustomed to light new flames every year or after some calamity.
Women were chosen for priestesses because they were the custodies of the
domestic blazes.
The primitive myths about how the fire descended of the gods, arose of the observations of the fires caused by the rays. These concepts of supernatural origin generated the adoration of the fire, and from it resulted the habit of “passing by the fire”; an exercise that was carried out until the times of Moses. The concept of passing by the fire after the death still persists. The myth of the fire was a great bond in the primitive times and it still lasts in the symbolism of the Parsees. From the fireresulted the “cooking”, and the “eaters of the raw” became a ridicule form. The cooking reduced the expense of necessary vital energy for the digestion of the food, and this way, the primitive man was nurtured with new energy for the social culture; on the other hand, the breeding of animals that reduced the effort to get the food, provided time for the social activities. We should have present that the use of the fire opened the doors of the Metallurgy and it resulted in the subsequent discovery of the energy of vapor and the current uses of the electricity.
At
the beginning, the whole animal Kingdom was enemy of the man; and
the human beings had to learn how to be protected from the beasts. First the
man hunted the animals; and later, he learned how to tame them and inclusive
to make them serve him.
The
domestication of the animals took place for eventuality. The wild man hunted
the flocks in a very similar way to as the North American Indians hunted the
bison. Surrounding the flock, they could dominate the animals and this way to
kill them according to their nutritious necessities. Later on, the corrals
were built and whole flocks were captured.
It was easy to tame some animals, but like the elephants, a great part of them didn't reproduce in captivity. More than that; it ended up discovered that certain species of animals submitted to the man's presence, and that they reproduced in captivity. This promoted the domestication of animals by means of the selective breeding, an art that comes progressing from the days of DALAMATIA. The first animal in being tamed was the “dog” and the arduous experience of taming it began when certain dog, after having spent an entire day following a hunter, in fact ended up accompaning to him his house and staying there. During ages the dogs were used for food source, hunting, transportion and company. At the beginning, the dogs were limited to howl, and later they learned how to bark. The sharp smell of the dog gave the notion that it could see spirits, and the cults of canine-fetishes arose this way. The use of watchdogs for the first time made possible that the whole clan could sleep better at night. Next, it became acustom to use the guardian dogs to protect the home against the spirits, as well as against the material enemies. When the dog barked, it was because a man or some beast came closer; but when the dog howled, it represented that the spirits were close. Even today it is still believed that the howls of the dog at night presage the death.
When
the man was hunter, he was quite kind with the woman; but after the
domestication of the animals and together with the confusion caused by CALIGASTIA [Planetary Prince]
many tribes treated their wives in a humiliating way; they treated them like
they treated their animals. The brutal treatment of the male to the woman
constitutes one of the blackest chapters in the human history.
The
primitive man never hesitated in enslaving his fellow men. The woman was the
first slave; yes, a family slave. The pastoral man enslaved the woman as a
manner of inferior sexual partner. This type of sexual slavery was born
directly from the fact that the male depended less from the woman.
Not long ago, the slavery was the luck of the prisoners of war that refused to accept the conqueror's religion. In the most primitive times they ate up the prisoners or they tortured them until killing them; they also put them to fight each other, as sacrifices to the spirits or they enslaved them. But mainly, the Slavery was a great advance since the slaughter and the cannibalism. The “Slavery” was a step forward as a merciful treatment of the prisoners of war. The ambush at Hai, with the biggest slaughter of men, women and children, in which was only forgiven the life to the king to please the conqueror's vanity, was a reliable picture of the wild slaughters that were practiced in the most presumably civilized towns. The assault to Og, the king of Basán, was similar of brutal and effective. Hebrews “destroyed their enemies completely”, taking possession of all their property like booty; they imposed tributes to all the towns under punishment of the “destruction of all male”. However, many of the contemporary tribes that had less tribal egotism, had already begun to practice the adoption of captive superiors. The hunter, as well as the American red man, didn't subject his captive men to the slavery; they adopted them or killed them. The slavery didn't prevail among the pastoral towns, because they required little manpower. In the war, the shepherds used to practice the elimination of all the captive males and they took the women and children like slaves. But, in the Code of Moses the specific commands were already shown for the conversion of these captive ones in “wives” and of not being satisfactory they were expelled. But the Hebrews were not allowed to sell these rejected spouses as slaves, which constituted a great advance of the civilization. Although the social norms of Hebrews were rough, they were superior to those of the surrounding tribes. The shepherds were the first capitalists, their flocks represented the “Capital”, they lived off the interests from the natural increments. They were reluctant to commend the custody from this wealth to the slaves or the women. But later they took captive males and forced them to cultivate the floor. This is the origin of the servitude, the man tied to the land. This way, the Africans could be taught easily to cultivate the land, for what they ended up being the great slave race. The “Slavery” was an indispensable link in the evolutionary chain of the human primitive civilization. It was the bridge for which the society passed from the chaos and the indolence to the order and the civilized activities. It forced the late and lazy towns to work, and this way, to provide the space and free time for the social progress; undoubtedly in a limitless way, benefiting only to their superiors. The institution of the slavery forced the man to invent the Regulator Mechanism of the primitive society, and it gave origin to the principles of the Government. The “slavery” demanded strong regulation, but during the European Middle Age, this disappeared because the feudal gentlemen couldn’t control the slaves. And the latest tribes in the old times, just as the current aboriginal Australians, never had slaves. It is certain that the institution of the slavery was very oppressive; but in the schools for oppression, the man learned the Industry. Ulteriorly the slaves shared the advantages of a superior society that in poor taste, these slaves helped to “produce”. The “slavery” after all, creates an organization of social and cultural achievement; but it didn't take long in attacking insidiously the society from inside, being the most severe of all the social destructive wrongs, and that until today it suffers the civilization. Already in recent times, the modern Mechanical Invention turned obsolete the “slavery”. The slavery, just as the polygamy, is disappearing totally because it doesn't compensate to the man's evolutionary life. But it has always been disastrous to liberate suddenly to big quantities of slaves, because less difficulties happen when the emancipation is gradually. Today, the men are not social slaves, but millions and millions of them allow the ambition to make them slaves of the debts. The “involuntary slavery” has given the step to a new and improved form of modified industrial slavery. While the ideal of the society is the Freedom and the Universal Evolution, the idleness and the tremendous laziness [the Inertia] must never defeat the man. All capable person should be “ACTIVE”, at least, to make enough work to be sustained oneself. This way, the modern society is going backwards. But, the “slavery” almost has disappeared, and the domestic animals are extinguishing, since the civilization is going back toward the fire [to the inorganic world] looking after the power. Although the man ascended from the savagery by means of the fire, the animals and the slavery; today and without realizing it is aspiring to the past, discarding the whole help invested per millenniums, by the slaves and the attendance of the animals. The man believes to snatch new secrets, sources of wealth and power from the inexhaustible deposits of the earth, but he forgets his DIVINE DESTINATION.
Although
the primitive society was virtually “community”, the primitive
man didn't adhere to the doctrines of the communism. The communism of
the primitive times was not a mere theory or social doctrine, it was a simple
and practical automatic adaptation. The “communism” impeded the
misery and the poverty; the mendacity and the prostitution were almost
unknown among these old tribes.
The primitive communism didn't level the men mostly, or had it exalted the mediocrity, but it stimulated the inactivity and the idleness, and this way it repressed the industry and also destroyed the ambition. The Communism was the indispensable scaffolding for the growth of the Primitive Society, giving the step to the evolution of a social superior order, since it thwarted four strong human tendencies:
In
more remote times, the women were the property of the community, and then the
mother dominated the family. The primitive caciques were owners of all the
lands and all the women's proprietors; for that reason, it was required the
consent of the sovereign of the tribe for the marriage. With the dissipation
of the communism, the women were under individual custody and the family’s
father little by little was assuming the domestic control. The “Home” had this
way its beginning. The polygamous customs that
reigned were gradually displaced by the monogamy. (The polygamy is the survival of
the feminine element as slave in the marriage. The monogamy is the ideal, free
of the slavery, in union of a man and a woman as a couple, in the exquisite
company of the formation of the home, the upbringing, the offspring, the
mutual culture and the self-improvement).
Originally, all the properties, the tools and the weapons inclusive, were common possessions of the tribe. At the beginning the private property consisted on all that a person “touched”. If a stranger drank in a cup, the cup from this moment on would become his. Then, the place where it spilled out blood would become the wounded property or their group.
This
way, it was primitively respected the “private property”, because it was
believed that it was loaded of some type of energy from the proprietor's
personality. The honesty towards the property was safe at the mercy of this
type of superstition and it was not
necessary any police to protect the personal belongings. The robbery didn't
exist inside the groups, but the men didn't hesitate in appropriating of the
goods of other tribes. The relationships of property didn't finish with
the death. At the beginning, they burned all the personal belongings, then
they were buried with the deceased, and later the family survivor inherited
these belongings or the tribe.
Then, arose the personal belongings of ornamental type in the use of the amulets. It was the “vanity” together with the “fear to the unknown” that they motivated the primitive man to resist all intent of detachment of their favorite amulets; ending up valorizing to these properties above the fundamental necessities. The “space to sleep” figured among the man's first properties. Then the facilities of the home were assigned to the caciques of the tribe who had in consignment all the real estates of the group. Then the property was enlarged to the sorrounding of the “blaze”, conferring the domestic property; later, a “well of water” constituted the formal title to the adjacent land. The “water holes” and “wells” became private possessions; and it was used many practices of the fetishes to protect the water holes, wells, trees, cultivations and the beehives of honey. When shrinking the “faith” in the fetishes, laws were created that evolved to protect the private belongings. But the laws of hunting, the right of hunting preceded to the “real state laws” for a lot of time. The American Red Man never understood the concept of private property of lands; that is to say, he didn't comprehend the White Man.
Primitively
the private property was marked by the
family badge which originated the “family shields”. It was also consigned the
real state to the custody of the “spirits”. This way the primitive priests
“consecrated” a land, and then they delegated it to the protection of the
magic taboos that would be erected there. It was said that the proprietors of
this lands had “writing of priestly property”. Hebrews had great respect for
these family landmarks: “Damned it is the one that removes
their neighbor's landmark”. These stone signs took the priest's initials. Even the
trees, if they were with initials, they became private property.
Initially only the “cultivations” were private, but later “crops” conferred the Title of Property; this way, the Agriculture was the genesis of the private property of land. At the beginning, to the individuals were granted only the holding vitalities; and when dying it reverted to the tribe. The first property titles of lands that the tribes granted to the individuals were the tombs, the “family cemetery”. Later on, the land belonged to who “fenced” it. But the cities continued reserving certain public pasturage and of use in case of siege. The “public parks” represent this way the old survival of the collective property.
In
the long run, the State ended up assigning the property to the individual,
being reserved the right of burdening taxes. Having gotten his title, the
owner of a land could collect rents, and the land became source of revenues, Capital. Finally the land
became truly negotiable for sales and purchases, transfers, mortgages and
hypothec executions.
The Private Property brought more freedom and stability; nevertheless, the “Private Property of Land” the social guarantee was not conferred until after the failure of the control and the communal direction, that soon it was continued by a succession of slaves, servants and classes without lands. But in recent times, the “machinery” little by little went liberating the man of the arduous slave work. The Right to the Property is not absolute, it is purely social. But all government, law, order, civil rights, social freedoms, conventions, peace and happiness, just as now it is enjoyed by the modern towns, have arisen around the “Private Property”.
It
should be very clear that the present world-wide social order is not
necessarily the correct one. It is not divine or sacred!. But the present
humanity, that is already abandoning its “infantile state”, will have to
institute new and evolutionary transformations for its New Revolutionary
Cycle, beginning the ERA OF THE HUMAN SOUL inside the natural
processes of transition, and this is urgent, since the earth already entered
in its process of Ascension. Together we can achieve it!, The conditions are
given, because what today the man possesses it overcomes all the systems that
your ancestors practiced. When externally it really begin the transformation
of the social order, don't forget to achieve always the best. Every day is a
new day to improve the past!, Don't allow to be convinced of experiencing
with the same discarded formulas of your predecessors. In the Grand Universe
everything evolves eternally toward its Divine Destination; therefore: Go
ahead and don't go back!, Let the Evolution to Continue!, We should not give
a single step back!. [With the collaboration of one of the Melchizedeck of
Nebadon].
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THE PRIMITIVE HUMAN INSTITUTIONS
